Alkama na daya daga cikin manyan amfanin gona na abinci a duniya. Kashi ɗaya bisa uku na al'ummar duniya sun dogara da alkama a matsayin abincinsu. Babban amfanin alkama shine yin abinci da sarrafa sitaci. A shekarun baya-bayan nan, noman kasata ya samu ci gaba cikin sauri, amma kudin shigar manoma ya karu sannu a hankali, kuma tarin hatsin manoma ya ragu. Don haka neman mafita ga alkama na kasata, da karuwar amfani da alkama, da kara farashin alkama, sun zama wani babban al’amari a cikin dabarun daidaita tsarin noma na kasata, har ma yana shafar daidaito da hadin kai na ci gaban tattalin arzikin kasa.
Babban bangaren alkama shine sitaci, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 75% na nauyin hatsin alkama kuma shine babban bangaren endosperm hatsin alkama. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran albarkatun ƙasa, sitacin alkama yana da kyawawan kaddarorin da yawa, kamar ƙarancin zafin jiki da ƙarancin zafin jiki na gelatinization. Tsarin samarwa, kayan aikin jiki da sinadarai, aikace-aikacen samfuran sitacin alkama, da alaƙar sitacin alkama da ingancin alkama an yi nazari sosai a gida da waje. Wannan labarin a taƙaice yana taƙaita halayen sitaci na alkama, fasahar rabuwa da hakar, da aikace-aikacen sitaci da alkama.
1. Halayen sitacin alkama
Abubuwan sitaci a cikin tsarin hatsi na alkama yana da kashi 58% zuwa 76%, galibi a cikin nau'in sitaci granules a cikin ƙwayoyin endosperm na alkama, kuma abun cikin sitaci a cikin garin alkama ya kai kusan 70%. Yawancin granules sitaci suna zagaye da m, kuma ƙaramin adadi ba su da tsari. Dangane da girman sitaci na sitaci, ana iya raba sitacin alkama zuwa manyan sitaci da ƙananan sitaci. Manyan granules tare da diamita na 25 zuwa 35 μm ana kiran su A sitaci, wanda ke lissafin kusan kashi 93.12% na busassun sitacin alkama; kananan granules masu diamita na 2 zuwa 8 μm kawai ana kiran su sitaci B, suna lissafin kusan kashi 6.8% na busasshen nauyin sitacin alkama. Wasu mutane kuma suna rarraba granules sitaci na alkama zuwa nau'ikan samfura uku gwargwadon girman diamita: nau'in A (10 zuwa 40 μm), nau'in B (1 zuwa 10 μm) da nau'in C (<1 μm), amma nau'in C galibi ana rarraba su azaman nau'in B. Dangane da tsarin kwayoyin halitta, sitaci na alkama yana kunshe da amylose da amylopectin. Amylopectin ya fi girma a waje da sitaci na alkama, yayin da amylose ya fi girma a cikin granules sitaci na alkama. Amylose yana da kashi 22% zuwa 26% na jimlar abun ciki na sitaci, kuma amylopectin yana da kashi 74% zuwa 78% na jimlar sitaci. Alkama sitaci manna yana da halaye na low danko da low gelatinization zafin jiki. A thermal kwanciyar hankali na danko bayan gelatinization yana da kyau. Danko yana raguwa kadan bayan dumama na dogon lokaci da motsawa. Ƙarfin gel bayan sanyaya yana da girma.
2. Hanyar samar da sitaci na alkama
A halin yanzu, yawancin masana'antar sitaci na alkama a cikin ƙasata suna amfani da tsarin samar da hanyar Martin, kuma babban kayan aikin sa shine na'urar gluten, allon gluten, kayan bushewar alkama, da dai sauransu.
Gluten bushewar iska karo karo vortex flash na'urar bushewa kayan aiki ne mai ceton kuzari. Yana amfani da gawayi a matsayin mai, kuma iska mai sanyi ta ratsa ta cikin tukunyar jirgi ya zama bushewar iska mai zafi. An haɗe shi da kayan da aka tarwatsa a cikin kayan aiki a cikin yanayin da aka dakatar, don haka iskar gas da ƙaƙƙarfan matakai suna gudana gaba a mafi girma na dangi, kuma a lokaci guda vaporize ruwa don cimma manufar bushewa kayan.
3. Aikace-aikacen sitacin alkama
Ana samar da sitacin alkama daga garin alkama. Kamar yadda muka sani, kasata tana da arzikin alkama, kuma albarkatunta sun wadatar, kuma ana iya noma ta duk shekara.
Alkama sitaci yana da fa'idar amfani. Ana iya yin amfani da shi wajen yin ƙullun ɓangarorin ɓangarorin shinkafa da na shinkafa, sannan ana amfani da shi sosai a fannonin likitanci, masana'antar sinadarai, yin takarda, da sauransu. Ana amfani da shi da yawa a cikin masana'antun nan take da kayan kwalliya. Abun taimakon sitaci na alkama - gluten, ana iya yin jita-jita iri-iri, kuma ana iya samarwa cikin tsiran alade mai cin ganyayyaki na gwangwani don fitarwa. Idan an bushe shi cikin foda mai aiki, yana da sauƙin adanawa kuma samfur ne na masana'antar abinci da abinci.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-22-2024
